Thursday, May 31, 2007
Creating Poly Trees in Maya
This is a tutorial/walkthrough on how I created the trees in the VivoCity infographic. I'm using Maya 8.5. Users of Maya 7 should still be able to follow the steps. f you want, you can choose to download Maya 8.5 Personal Learning Edition.
Here are the main lesson points:
- Finding out the goodies inside the Visor
- Quick ambient occlusion
- Compositing the renders
Below's the exact tree I've pulled out from the scene. The leaves are rectangular polygon planes. Since the trees are going to be very small when printed (think less than a centimetre square), this level of detail is enough.
1. You need to create a new Maya scene. File->New Scene
2. There are two ways to get the brush needed to create the tree. The first is shown in the figure below. Change the menu set to Rendering (F6). From the menu, choose Paint Effects->Get Brush... That will open up the Visor Window.
The alternative way to access the Visor is from the menu, Windows->General Editors->Visor
3. With the Visor window open, you should see a lot of folders on the left. Each folder contains a set of related brushes. Choose the folder named 'tree'. All the tree brushes will load. Choose the keyakiPark.mel brush. Notice the mouse cursor change into a pencil.
4. Draw short stroke on the grid. A curve will appear, with the tree 'growing' out form the curve. Press 5 to show the shaded mode, as shown in the figure below.
I've also turned on the Heads Up Display (Display->Heads Up Display->Poly Count). The display will show stuff like number of polygon faces, vertices, etc on the scene. The first column is for the total scene as from the view port. The second column for the selected object. The current face count at 27094 is simply too high. In fact, Maya has become a bit sluggish.
Do a test render. You should notice actual leave textures mapped onto the polygons. If you intend to put a lot of trees in your scene, you must reduce the number of polygon faces. If not, your render will cause Maya to run out of memory and crash Maya.
Optional step: I've also created a resolution gate to frame the scene. That's the thick green rectangular box. To do that, go the the view port's menu, View->Camera Settings->Resolution gate. The gate might not size correctly the first time and here's how you can change that. From the view port's menu, choose View->Select Camera. At the far left on the Channel Box, look for an attribute called Lens Squeeze Ratio. Reduce by 0.1 until you're satisfied. Now when you render, only stuff inside the gate will be rendered.
5. Right now, the tree is still a Paint Effect controlled by the curve. Select the curve while in the wireframe mode (4). From the Channel Box, under SHAPES, there should be a node called strokeShapeKeyyakiParkn (where n is a number). I've enlarged the Channel Box in the figure below. Click that and a set of attributes will appear below. Reduce the Display Percent attribute to 75. This will visually reduce the number of polygons you have on the view port. But when you render, you still render at 100 percent. This is to make your view port respond faster since there are fewer polygons to display now.
6. To actually reduce the polygon count. You have to open up the creation node for the tree. Select the curve again and open up the Attribute Editor (Ctrl+A). Look for a tab called keyakiParkn. The important attributes that control how the tree grows are under Tubes, Creation and Growth. Play with the attribute numbers to get the desired shape for the tree you want. Change the numbers and watch the tree update interactively.
7. After you're done tweaking, it's time to change the Paint Effects tree into a real polygon. Changing it into a polygon enables you to select the tree by clicking on it instead of always using the curve to select it.
Select the curve. Choose from the menu, Modify->Convert->Paint Effects to Polygon->Options. I've set the Poly limit to have only a maximum of 2000 poly faces. Click Convert.
8. Do a render with you new polygon tree.
9. Watch the Heads Up Display to notice the changes. Notice that the poly faces didn't actually reduce to 2000. To do that manually, from the polygon rendering menu (F3), choose Mesh->Reduce->Options. Reduce it by 50%.
10. Again, check the Heads Up Display to see the number of poly faces. To further reduce the poly faces, you don't have to open up the Reduce options dialogue box again. Select the object that was just reduced, from the Channel Box, select the command node called polyReducen. Update the reduction Percentage.
11. It's time to re-shade the leaves and drop the texture. The leaves texture is not need since the tree is going to be very small when viewed by the readers.
From the menu, choose Windows->Rendering Editors->Hypershade
You can see that I've already created a few shaders.
12. Create your own leaf shader by clicking on the lambert shader on the left pane. A lambert shader will appear in the work area on the bottom right of the Hypershade Window.
Double click that to open up the Attribute Editor. Click on the Color button (which is gray), and choose a green color from the Color Chooser dialogue. Click Accept after that and you can close the Attribute Editor.
13. When you converted the Paint Effects tree into a polygon, Maya has conveniently grouped the leaves and tree trunk separately. Just select the leaves, with your Hypershade still open, right click on your leaves shader and choose Assign Material to Selection.
Create another shader for the tree trunk. In my scene, I've also created a simple ground plane for the tree to stand on.
14. Now it's on to the ambient occlusion part. Select all your objects on scene. On the Layer Editor at the far right bottom, click the Render radio button to show the Render Layer. Click the button with a small blue ball.
A new Render layer called layer 1 will appear. Note the 'R' in the square box on the left. That means the layer will be rendered when highlighted.
15. Right click on layer 1 and choose from the pop up menu, Presets->Occlusion. This will shade all the objects on that layer with a new Surface Shader.
16. If you click the render button now, you'll get something like the figure below.
17. To render without the ambient occlusion, click on Master layer and make sure that there's an 'R' in the square box on the left. Click render and you'll get something like the figure below.
After you have finished modeling everything, you should clean up the history. Choose from the menu, Edit->Delete All By Type->History. This will make your scene smaller and cleaner.
18. Open the two images in an imaging software, like Photoshop. Focus on the occlusion image. Open up the Channels palette and Layers palette. Select the Move tool (V) first or else you can't move anything.
Drag the Alpha channel called Alpha 1 over to the coloured image. You'll see the alpha channel loaded. Press Ctrl+` to switch back to the colour channels.
Move back to the occlusion image again and this time drag the Background layer over to the coloured image.
When dragging, make sure that you put the Background image and alpha channel directly on top of the colour image. You can use the arrow keys to position the images 1 pixel at time.
19. With your occlusion image on top of your coloured image, you can set the blending mode from Normal to Multiply and lower the opacity to make the occlusion image blend with the coloured image.
In the figure below, I've also created a Curves Adjustment layer to brighten the whole scene a bit.
Optional step: If you don't want the black background, load the alpha channel eariler on into a selection and mask the background out.
Here are the main lesson points:
- Finding out the goodies inside the Visor
- Quick ambient occlusion
- Compositing the renders
Below's the exact tree I've pulled out from the scene. The leaves are rectangular polygon planes. Since the trees are going to be very small when printed (think less than a centimetre square), this level of detail is enough.
1. You need to create a new Maya scene. File->New Scene
2. There are two ways to get the brush needed to create the tree. The first is shown in the figure below. Change the menu set to Rendering (F6). From the menu, choose Paint Effects->Get Brush... That will open up the Visor Window.
The alternative way to access the Visor is from the menu, Windows->General Editors->Visor
3. With the Visor window open, you should see a lot of folders on the left. Each folder contains a set of related brushes. Choose the folder named 'tree'. All the tree brushes will load. Choose the keyakiPark.mel brush. Notice the mouse cursor change into a pencil.
4. Draw short stroke on the grid. A curve will appear, with the tree 'growing' out form the curve. Press 5 to show the shaded mode, as shown in the figure below.
I've also turned on the Heads Up Display (Display->Heads Up Display->Poly Count). The display will show stuff like number of polygon faces, vertices, etc on the scene. The first column is for the total scene as from the view port. The second column for the selected object. The current face count at 27094 is simply too high. In fact, Maya has become a bit sluggish.
Do a test render. You should notice actual leave textures mapped onto the polygons. If you intend to put a lot of trees in your scene, you must reduce the number of polygon faces. If not, your render will cause Maya to run out of memory and crash Maya.
Optional step: I've also created a resolution gate to frame the scene. That's the thick green rectangular box. To do that, go the the view port's menu, View->Camera Settings->Resolution gate. The gate might not size correctly the first time and here's how you can change that. From the view port's menu, choose View->Select Camera. At the far left on the Channel Box, look for an attribute called Lens Squeeze Ratio. Reduce by 0.1 until you're satisfied. Now when you render, only stuff inside the gate will be rendered.
5. Right now, the tree is still a Paint Effect controlled by the curve. Select the curve while in the wireframe mode (4). From the Channel Box, under SHAPES, there should be a node called strokeShapeKeyyakiParkn (where n is a number). I've enlarged the Channel Box in the figure below. Click that and a set of attributes will appear below. Reduce the Display Percent attribute to 75. This will visually reduce the number of polygons you have on the view port. But when you render, you still render at 100 percent. This is to make your view port respond faster since there are fewer polygons to display now.
6. To actually reduce the polygon count. You have to open up the creation node for the tree. Select the curve again and open up the Attribute Editor (Ctrl+A). Look for a tab called keyakiParkn. The important attributes that control how the tree grows are under Tubes, Creation and Growth. Play with the attribute numbers to get the desired shape for the tree you want. Change the numbers and watch the tree update interactively.
7. After you're done tweaking, it's time to change the Paint Effects tree into a real polygon. Changing it into a polygon enables you to select the tree by clicking on it instead of always using the curve to select it.
Select the curve. Choose from the menu, Modify->Convert->Paint Effects to Polygon->Options. I've set the Poly limit to have only a maximum of 2000 poly faces. Click Convert.
8. Do a render with you new polygon tree.
9. Watch the Heads Up Display to notice the changes. Notice that the poly faces didn't actually reduce to 2000. To do that manually, from the polygon rendering menu (F3), choose Mesh->Reduce->Options. Reduce it by 50%.
10. Again, check the Heads Up Display to see the number of poly faces. To further reduce the poly faces, you don't have to open up the Reduce options dialogue box again. Select the object that was just reduced, from the Channel Box, select the command node called polyReducen. Update the reduction Percentage.
11. It's time to re-shade the leaves and drop the texture. The leaves texture is not need since the tree is going to be very small when viewed by the readers.
From the menu, choose Windows->Rendering Editors->Hypershade
You can see that I've already created a few shaders.
12. Create your own leaf shader by clicking on the lambert shader on the left pane. A lambert shader will appear in the work area on the bottom right of the Hypershade Window.
Double click that to open up the Attribute Editor. Click on the Color button (which is gray), and choose a green color from the Color Chooser dialogue. Click Accept after that and you can close the Attribute Editor.
13. When you converted the Paint Effects tree into a polygon, Maya has conveniently grouped the leaves and tree trunk separately. Just select the leaves, with your Hypershade still open, right click on your leaves shader and choose Assign Material to Selection.
Create another shader for the tree trunk. In my scene, I've also created a simple ground plane for the tree to stand on.
14. Now it's on to the ambient occlusion part. Select all your objects on scene. On the Layer Editor at the far right bottom, click the Render radio button to show the Render Layer. Click the button with a small blue ball.
A new Render layer called layer 1 will appear. Note the 'R' in the square box on the left. That means the layer will be rendered when highlighted.
15. Right click on layer 1 and choose from the pop up menu, Presets->Occlusion. This will shade all the objects on that layer with a new Surface Shader.
16. If you click the render button now, you'll get something like the figure below.
17. To render without the ambient occlusion, click on Master layer and make sure that there's an 'R' in the square box on the left. Click render and you'll get something like the figure below.
After you have finished modeling everything, you should clean up the history. Choose from the menu, Edit->Delete All By Type->History. This will make your scene smaller and cleaner.
18. Open the two images in an imaging software, like Photoshop. Focus on the occlusion image. Open up the Channels palette and Layers palette. Select the Move tool (V) first or else you can't move anything.
Drag the Alpha channel called Alpha 1 over to the coloured image. You'll see the alpha channel loaded. Press Ctrl+` to switch back to the colour channels.
Move back to the occlusion image again and this time drag the Background layer over to the coloured image.
When dragging, make sure that you put the Background image and alpha channel directly on top of the colour image. You can use the arrow keys to position the images 1 pixel at time.
19. With your occlusion image on top of your coloured image, you can set the blending mode from Normal to Multiply and lower the opacity to make the occlusion image blend with the coloured image.
In the figure below, I've also created a Curves Adjustment layer to brighten the whole scene a bit.
Optional step: If you don't want the black background, load the alpha channel eariler on into a selection and mask the background out.
Tuesday, May 29, 2007
Book Review: My Paris Sketchbook
I love sketches and architecture. This book has both.This book is actually a travel journal with sketches on location by Alain Bouldouyre. The sketches are done in pencil or pen with watercolour. The subject is Paris, their people and amazing architecture. The sketches are well composed, colours pleasing and scenes captivating.
The journal entries are a pleasure to read, fitting to be on any travel magazines. The account is descriptive and conjures the mood that makes people want to travel. The text is actually written by Christophe Auduraud.
The hardcover is actually clothed cardboard with a white textured paper pasted over it for the cover art.
For people who collect sketchbooks or love water colour paintings, this might be the book for you. If you like this kind of books, you might also want to check out My Italian Sketchbook by Florine Asch.
Visit the link beside to read more reviews on Amazon. If you buy from the link, I get a little commission that helps me get more art books for review.
Country-specific Amazon links for this book:
Amazon.com | Amazon.ca | Amazon.co.uk | Amazon.fr | Amazon.de
Check out other books reviewed on this blog, with pictures:
Art book list | Design book list
Thursday, May 24, 2007
Sunday, May 20, 2007
Book Review: The Making of Star Wars
While this book was published in 2007, it's actually about the making and the history of the first Star Wars movie released in 1977. Considering how much time has passed, it's amazing the amount of material that has been collected for this book.There are twelve chapters documenting the journey from the scripting stage, casting, set building, location shooting, all the way up to the movie release.
This book is written before anyone knew it was going to be a major hit. What that means is, they are writing it on the spot at that point in time — in 1977. There's nothing closer to understanding what's going on during production and on their minds while the shooting the movie.
Included in the books are hundreds of behind-the-scenes photos, scanned scripts, sketches of sets and ships, several film stills and immensely valuable and insightful interviews. It's essentially a very well documented production diary.
There are lots of details included. Read about how George Lucas was a compulsive writer who doesn't and cannot stop working. Find out how they overcome crisis like when one of their robots caught fire. Share their euphoria when they first received reactions from movie goers. And I can go on and on.
This is the definitive volume. It's well worth the money for any Star Wars fan or movie maker.
Currently, this book's rating is averaging at 5-stars on Amazon.com.
There are two covers for this book, a hardcover and the paperback. It's highly recommended to get the hardcover, more expensive, version. This book is big and thick at 314 pages. The spine of the softcover will most definitely wear off in the future.
Thanks to Kelvin Chan, aka rocketraygun from deviantart.com, for lending me this book for review. He's a Star Wars fan, of course.
Visit the link beside to read more reviews on Amazon. If you buy from the link, I get a little commission that helps me get more art books for review.
Country-specific Amazon links for the hardcover book:
Amazon.com | Amazon.ca | Amazon.co.uk | Amazon.fr | Amazon.de
Country-specific Amazon links for the softcover book:
Amazon.com | Amazon.ca | Amazon.co.uk | Amazon.fr | Amazon.de
Check out other books reviewed on this blog, with pictures:
Art book list | Design book list
Grey's Anatomy Sleeping Chart
Season 3 of Grey's Anatomy has finally ended. Here's the sleeping chart, if you're interesting. Surprise, the real man whore is...
Thursday, May 17, 2007
Tuesday, May 15, 2007
Sunday, May 13, 2007
Inside the big Mac
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